Automation in material handling and sorting system

Introduction   Background: Automation in material handling and sorting systems has emerged as a critical enabler for modern industries, addressing the need for higher efficiency, accuracy, and scalability. Historically reliant on manual labour, material handling evolved significantly with technological advancements, incorporating robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT). These technologies streamline operations like transportation, storage, and sorting of goods, minimizing human intervention and errors. The rise of automation is prominently seen in packaging, logistics, and manufacturing industries, where automated systems handle tasks like picking, placing, and sorting. For example, the implementation of pneumatic-based sorting machines in packaging industries ensures precise and cost-effective categorization of items by size. Moreover, advanced systems now integrate AI for object recognition, machine vision for dimension detection, and IoT for real-ti...